{"laureates":[{"id":"58","firstname":"Felix","surname":"Bloch","born":"1905-10-23","died":"1983-09-10","bornCountry":"Switzerland","bornCountryCode":"CH","bornCity":"Zurich","diedCountry":"Switzerland","diedCountryCode":"CH","diedCity":"Zurich","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1952","category":"physics","share":"2","motivation":"\"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"63","firstname":"Willis Eugene","surname":"Lamb","born":"1913-07-12","died":"2008-05-15","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Los Angeles, CA","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Tucson, AZ","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1955","category":"physics","share":"2","motivation":"\"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"75","firstname":"Robert","surname":"Hofstadter","born":"1915-02-05","died":"1990-11-17","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"New York, NY","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Stanford, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1961","category":"physics","share":"2","motivation":"\"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"119","firstname":"Arthur Leonard","surname":"Schawlow","born":"1921-05-05","died":"1999-04-28","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Mount Verno, NY","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Palo Alto, CF","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1981","category":"physics","share":"4","motivation":"\"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"140","firstname":"Richard E.","surname":"Taylor","born":"1929-11-02","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"Canada","bornCountryCode":"CA","bornCity":"Medicine Hat, Alberta","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1990","category":"physics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"147","firstname":"Martin L.","surname":"Perl","born":"1927-06-24","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"New York, NY","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1995","category":"physics","overallMotivation":"\"for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics\"","share":"2","motivation":"\"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"150","firstname":"Douglas D.","surname":"Osheroff","born":"1945-08-01","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Aberdeen, WA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1996","category":"physics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"152","firstname":"Steven","surname":"Chu","born":"1948-02-28","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"St. Louis, MO","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1997","category":"physics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"155","firstname":"Robert B.","surname":"Laughlin","born":"1950-11-01","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Visalia, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1998","category":"physics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"246","firstname":"Paul J.","surname":"Flory","born":"1910-06-19","died":"1985-09-08","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Sterling, IL","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Big Sur, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1974","category":"chemistry","share":"1","motivation":"\"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"254","firstname":"Paul","surname":"Berg","born":"1926-06-30","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"New York, NY","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1980","category":"chemistry","share":"2","motivation":"\"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"260","firstname":"Henry","surname":"Taube","born":"1915-11-30","died":"2005-11-16","bornCountry":"Canada","bornCountryCode":"CA","bornCity":"Neudorf","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Stanford, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1983","category":"chemistry","share":"1","motivation":"\"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"368","firstname":"Arthur","surname":"Kornberg","born":"1918-03-03","died":"2007-10-26","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Brooklyn, NY","diedCountry":"USA","diedCountryCode":"US","diedCity":"Stanford, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1959","category":"medicine","share":"2","motivation":"\"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"706","firstname":"William F.","surname":"Sharpe","born":"1934-06-16","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Boston, MA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"1990","category":"economics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"745","firstname":"A. Michael","surname":"Spence","born":"1943-00-00","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Montclair, NJ","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"2001","category":"economics","share":"3","motivation":"\"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"802","firstname":"Andrew Z.","surname":"Fire","born":"1959-04-27","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Stanford, CA","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"2006","category":"medicine","share":"2","motivation":"\"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"806","firstname":"Roger D.","surname":"Kornberg","born":"1947-04-24","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"St. Louis, MO","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"2006","category":"chemistry","share":"1","motivation":"\"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]},{"id":"879","firstname":"Brian K.","surname":"Kobilka","born":"0000-00-00","died":"0000-00-00","bornCountry":"USA","bornCountryCode":"US","bornCity":"Little Falls, MN","gender":"male","prizes":[{"year":"2012","category":"chemistry","share":"2","motivation":""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"","affiliations":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine","city":"Stanford, CA","country":"USA"}]}]}]}